@prefix : <https://w3id.org/dedl#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@base <https://w3id.org/dedl#> .

<https://w3id.org/dedl> rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
                         <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator> "Lennart Klöpper"@en,
                                                                   "Jiahang Chen"@en;
                         <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "DEDL Vocabulary & Expression 0.1"@en ;
                         <http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract> "The Data Ecosystem Description Language (DEDL) is an abstract language to describe concepts of data ecosystems, in which different participants (i.e., organizations and individuals) share data and generate value as the primary aim."@en ;
                         <http://purl.org/dc/terms/license> "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" ;
                         rdfs:comment "This is a vocabulary for DEDL version 0.1"@en ;
                         rdfs:label "DEDL"@en ;
                         owl:versionInfo 0.1 ;
                         <https://schema.org/affiliation> "MMI, RWTH Aachen University" ;
                         <https://schema.org/email> "kloepper@mmi.rwth-aachen.de",
                                                    "chen@mmi.rwth-aachen.de" .

#################################################################
#    Annotation properties
#################################################################

###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract
<http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/created
<http://purl.org/dc/terms/created> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
<http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/license
<http://purl.org/dc/terms/license> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  https://schema.org/affiliation
<https://schema.org/affiliation> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  https://schema.org/email
<https://schema.org/email> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


#################################################################
#    Object Properties
#################################################################

###  https://w3id.org/dedl#accessControlModel
:accessControlModel rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                    rdfs:domain :Policy ;
                    rdfs:range :AccessControlModel ;
                    rdfs:comment "Associates a Policy with its AccessControlModel to define and enforce resource access rules."@en ;
                    rdfs:label "accessControlModel"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#authenticationFactor
:authenticationFactor rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                      rdfs:domain :Authenticator ;
                      rdfs:range :AuthenticationFactor ;
                      rdfs:comment "Indicates the AuthenticationFactor that an Authenticator uses."@en ;
                      rdfs:label "authenticationFactor"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#authenticationProcess
:authenticationProcess rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                       rdfs:domain :Authenticator ;
                       rdfs:range :Authentication ;
                       rdfs:comment "Links an Authenticator to the authentication process used for identity verification."@en ;
                       rdfs:label "authenticationProcess"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#authenticationProtocol
:authenticationProtocol rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                        rdfs:domain :Authenticator ;
                        rdfs:range :AuthenticationProtocol ;
                        rdfs:comment "Specifies the AuthenticationProtocol an Authenticator follows."@en ;
                        rdfs:label "authenticationProtocol"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#authenticationRiskContext
:authenticationRiskContext rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                           rdfs:domain :Authenticator ;
                           rdfs:range :AuthenticationRiskContext ;
                           rdfs:comment "Associates an Authenticator with contextual factors that influence authentication risk."@en ;
                           rdfs:label "authenticationRiskContext"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#authorizationArchitecture
:authorizationArchitecture rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                           rdfs:domain :Authorizator ;
                           rdfs:range :AuthorizationArchitecture ;
                           rdfs:comment "Specifies the AuthorizationArchitecture used by an Authorizator."@en ;
                           rdfs:label "authorizationArchitecture"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#authorizationProcess
:authorizationProcess rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                      rdfs:domain :Authorizator ;
                      rdfs:range :Authorization ;
                      rdfs:comment "Indicates the authorization process followed by an Authorizator."@en ;
                      rdfs:label "authorizationProcess"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#byDataEcosystem
:byDataEcosystem rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                 owl:inverseOf :process ;
                 rdfs:domain :Process ;
                 rdfs:range :DataEcosystem ;
                 rdfs:comment "Indicates the Process belonging to a DataEcosystem."@en ;
                 rdfs:label "byDataEcosystem"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#composedOf
:composedOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
            owl:inverseOf :partOf ;
            rdfs:domain :DataEcosystem ;
            rdfs:range :DataEcosystem ;
            rdfs:comment "Indicates if the data ecosystem consists of multiple data ecosystem"@en ;
            rdfs:label "composedOf"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#correspondsToDataProperty
:correspondsToDataProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                           rdfs:domain <https://www.irit.fr/recherches/MELODI/ontologies/BBO#DataResource> ;
                           rdfs:range rdf:Property ;
                           rdfs:comment "Associates a BBO:DataResource with an expected Property in another vocabulary (e.g. schema:legalName)."@en ;
                           rdfs:label "correspondsToDataProperty"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#correspondsToThing
:correspondsToThing rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                    rdfs:domain <https://www.irit.fr/recherches/MELODI/ontologies/BBO#DataResource> ;
                    rdfs:range owl:Thing ;
                    rdfs:comment "Associates a BBO:DataResource with an expected Thing/Class in another vocabulary (e.g. vc:VerifiableCredential)."@en ;
                    rdfs:label "correspondsToThing"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#dataFlowIn
:dataFlowIn rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
            owl:inverseOf :dataFlowOut ;
            rdfs:domain :DataEcosystemElement ;
            rdfs:range :DataEcosystemElement ;
            rdfs:comment "Links elements by specifying where data is sent."@en ;
            rdfs:label "dataFlowIn"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#dataFlowOut
:dataFlowOut rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
             rdfs:domain :DataEcosystemElement ;
             rdfs:range :DataEcosystemElement ;
             rdfs:comment "Links elements by specifying where data is received from."@en ;
             rdfs:label "dataFlowOut"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#entity
:entity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
        owl:inverseOf :inParticipant ;
        rdfs:domain :Participant ;
        rdfs:range :Entity ;
        rdfs:comment "Associates a Participant with a particular Entity in the data ecosystem."@en ;
        rdfs:label "entity"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#hasEndpoint
:hasEndpoint rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
             rdfs:domain :Service ;
             rdfs:range :Endpoint ;
             rdfs:comment "Associates a Service with an Endpoint resource that contains connection details (URL, method, auth, etc.)."@en ;
             rdfs:label "hasEndpoint"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#identity
:identity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
          rdfs:domain :Entity ;
          rdfs:range <https://w3id.org/didl#Identity> ;
          rdfs:comment "Indicates the Identity belonging to an Entity."@en ;
          rdfs:label "identity"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#inDataEcosystem
:inDataEcosystem rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                 rdfs:domain :DataEcosystemElement ;
                 rdfs:range :DataEcosystem ;
                 rdfs:comment "Indicates the DataEcosystemElement belonging to a DataEcosystem."@en ;
                 rdfs:label "inDataEcosystem"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#inParticipant
:inParticipant rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:domain :Entity ;
               rdfs:range :Participant ;
               rdfs:comment "Indicates the Entity belonging to a Participant."@en ;
               rdfs:label "inParticipant"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#memberOf
:memberOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
          rdfs:domain :Individual ;
          rdfs:range :Organization ;
          rdfs:comment "Links an Individual to an Organization."@en ;
          rdfs:label "memberOf"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#operatedBy
:operatedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
            owl:inverseOf :operates ;
            rdfs:domain :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
            rdfs:range :Participant ;
            rdfs:comment "Indicates the Participant operating a TechnicalDataEcosystemElement (inverse of operates)."@en ;
            rdfs:label "operatedBy"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#operates
:operates rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
          rdfs:domain :Participant ;
          rdfs:range :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
          rdfs:comment "Specifies an operator of a TechnicalDataEcosystemElement."@en ;
          rdfs:label "operates"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#operator
:operator rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
          rdfs:domain :DataEcosystem ;
          rdfs:range :Participant ;
          rdfs:comment "Specifies an operator of a DataEcosystem."@en ;
          rdfs:label "operator"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#partOf
:partOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:domain :DataEcosystem ;
        rdfs:range :DataEcosystem ;
        rdfs:comment "Indicates if the data ecosystem is part of another data ecosystem"@en ;
        rdfs:label "partOf"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#participant
:participant rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
             rdfs:domain :DataEcosystem ;
             rdfs:range :Participant ;
             rdfs:comment "Specifies a participant within a DataEcosystem."@en ;
             rdfs:label "participant"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#policy
:policy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:domain :Entity ;
        rdfs:range :Policy ;
        rdfs:comment "Links an Entity to a Policy governing its usage or access rights."@en ;
        rdfs:label "policy"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#policyLanguage
:policyLanguage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                rdfs:domain :Policy ;
                rdfs:range :PolicyLanguage ;
                rdfs:comment "Specifies the PolicyLanguage used to express or encode a Policy."@en ;
                rdfs:label "policyLanguage"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#process
:process rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
         rdfs:domain :DataEcosystem ;
         rdfs:range :Process ;
         rdfs:comment "Associates a DataEcosystem with a particular Process."@en ;
         rdfs:label "process"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#status
:status rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
                 owl:FunctionalProperty ;
        rdfs:domain :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
        rdfs:range :Status ;
        rdfs:comment "Associates TechnicalDataEcosystemElement with their current state-"@en ;
        rdfs:label "status"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#technicalDataEcosystemElement
:technicalDataEcosystemElement rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                               rdfs:domain :DataEcosystem ;
                               rdfs:range :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
                               rdfs:comment ""@en ;
                               rdfs:label "technicalDataEcosystemElement"@en ;
                               rdfs:seeAlso "composedBy (Oliveira)"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#usedBy
:usedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
        owl:inverseOf :uses ;
        rdfs:domain :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
        rdfs:range :Participant ;
        rdfs:comment "Indicates the Participant using a TechnicalDataEcosystemElement (inverse of uses)."@en ;
        rdfs:label "usedBy"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#uses
:uses rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
      rdfs:domain :Participant ;
      rdfs:range :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
      rdfs:comment "Specifies a user of a TechnicalDataEcosystemElement."@en ;
      rdfs:label "uses"@en .


#################################################################
#    Data properties
#################################################################

###  https://w3id.org/dedl#authMethod
:authMethod rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
            rdfs:domain :Endpoint ;
            rdfs:range xsd:string ;
            rdfs:comment "Authentication method or scheme (e.g., OAuth2, APIKey)."@en ;
            rdfs:label "authMethod"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#authRequired
:authRequired rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
              rdfs:domain :Endpoint ;
              rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
              rdfs:comment "Indicates whether authentication is required to call the endpoint."@en ;
              rdfs:label "authRequired"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#gaiaxTaCAccepted
:gaiaxTaCAccepted rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
                  rdfs:domain <https://www.irit.fr/recherches/MELODI/ontologies/BBO#DataResource> ;
                  rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
                  rdfs:comment "Indicates whether a Participant has accepted the Gaia-X Terms and Conditions."@en ;
                  rdfs:label "gaiaxTaCAccepted"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#httpMethod
:httpMethod rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ;
            rdfs:domain :Endpoint ;
            rdfs:range xsd:string ;
            rdfs:comment "HTTP method used to call the endpoint (e.g., GET, POST)."@en ;
            rdfs:label "httpMethod"@en .


#################################################################
#    Classes
#################################################################

###  http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property
rdf:Property rdf:type owl:Class .


###  http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
owl:Class rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#API
:API rdf:type owl:Class ;
     rdfs:subClassOf :Interface ;
     rdfs:comment "Application Programming Interface; a subclass of Interface representing a set of protocols allowing different software entities to communicate within a data ecosystem."@en ;
     rdfs:label "API"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#AccessControlModel
:AccessControlModel rdf:type owl:Class ;
                    rdfs:comment "A conceptual framework defining how access to resources is managed, granted, and restricted."@en ;
                    rdfs:label "AccessControlModel"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#AgreementStorage
:AgreementStorage rdf:type owl:Class ;
                  rdfs:subClassOf :PolicyStorage ;
                  rdfs:comment "A subclass of PolicyStorage where concluded contracts are stored, ensuring that agreements between Participants are documented and accessible."@en ;
                  rdfs:label "AgreementStorage"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#AuditAndLogging
:AuditAndLogging rdf:type owl:Class ;
                 rdfs:subClassOf :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
                 rdfs:comment "A component responsible for documenting activities within a data ecosystem to ensure transparency."@en ;
                 rdfs:label "AuditAndLogging"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Authentication
:Authentication rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf :Process ;
                rdfs:comment "A procedure or sequence of steps that verify the identity of a user or entity."@en ;
                rdfs:label "Authentication"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#AuthenticationFactor
:AuthenticationFactor rdf:type owl:Class ;
                      rdfs:comment "An element used to verify the identity of a user or entity (e.g. password, token, biometrics)."@en ;
                      rdfs:label "AuthenticationFactor"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#AuthenticationProtocol
:AuthenticationProtocol rdf:type owl:Class ;
                        rdfs:comment "A specification of the interactions or steps used to perform authentication."@en ;
                        rdfs:label "AuthenticationProtocol"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#AuthenticationRiskContext
:AuthenticationRiskContext rdf:type owl:Class ;
                           rdfs:comment "Contextual attributes (time, location, device) that affect authentication risk levels."@en ;
                           rdfs:label "AuthenticationRiskContext"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Authenticator
:Authenticator rdf:type owl:Class ;
               rdfs:subClassOf :IdentityAndAccessManagement ;
               rdfs:comment "An Participant or component responsible for carrying out the authentication process."@en ;
               rdfs:label "Authenticator"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Authorization
:Authorization rdf:type owl:Class ;
               rdfs:subClassOf :Process ;
               rdfs:comment "A method or set of steps determining if an entity may access a resource."@en ;
               rdfs:label "Authorization"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#AuthorizationArchitecture
:AuthorizationArchitecture rdf:type owl:Class ;
                           rdfs:comment "A subclass of IdentityAndAccessManagement representing a structural framework that defines how authorization decisions are made and enforced."@en ;
                           rdfs:label "AuthorizationArchitecture"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Authorizator
:Authorizator rdf:type owl:Class ;
              rdfs:subClassOf :IdentityAndAccessManagement ;
              rdfs:comment "A participant or component that assesses permissions and enforces authorization decisions."@en ;
              rdfs:label "Authorizator"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Base
:Base rdf:type owl:Class ;
      rdfs:comment "Base class defining various properties"@en ;
      rdfs:label "Base"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Communication
:Communication rdf:type owl:Class ;
               rdfs:subClassOf :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
               rdfs:comment "A mechanism through which participants in a data ecosystem exchange information and interact with each other."@en ;
               rdfs:label "Communication"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#ContractAgreeing
:ContractAgreeing rdf:type owl:Class ;
                  rdfs:subClassOf :Negotiating ;
                  rdfs:comment "A subclass of Negotiation representing the concluding process between data providers and consumers  when a policy is accepted by both parties and a contract is formed."@en ;
                  rdfs:label "ContractAgreeing"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#ContractOffering
:ContractOffering rdf:type owl:Class ;
                  rdfs:subClassOf :Negotiating ;
                  rdfs:comment "A subclass of Negotiating representing the process where data offers are made available to potential consumers."@en ;
                  rdfs:label "ContractOffering"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#ContractRequesting
:ContractRequesting rdf:type owl:Class ;
                    rdfs:subClassOf :Negotiating ;
                    rdfs:comment "A subclass of Negotiating representing the process where potential data consumers request specific conditions for the use or access of data."@en ;
                    rdfs:label "ContractRequesting"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#DataEcosystem
:DataEcosystem rdf:type owl:Class ;
               rdfs:subClassOf :Base ,
                               [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                 owl:onProperty :participant ;
                                 owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                 owl:onClass :Participant
                               ] ,
                               [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                 owl:onProperty :process ;
                                 owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                 owl:onClass :Process
                               ] ,
                               [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                 owl:onProperty :technicalDataEcosystemElement ;
                                 owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                 owl:onClass :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement
                               ] ;
               rdfs:comment "A socio-technical system in which participants share and manage data and associated processes."@en ;
               rdfs:label "DataEcosystem"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#DataEcosystemElement
:DataEcosystemElement rdf:type owl:Class ;
                      rdfs:subClassOf :Base ,
                                      [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                        owl:onProperty :inDataEcosystem ;
                                        owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                        owl:onClass :DataEcosystem
                                      ] ;
                      rdfs:comment "An element within a data ecosystem that contributes to its functionality and processes."@en ;
                      rdfs:label "DataEcosystemElement"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#DataExchanging
:DataExchanging rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf :Transacting ;
                rdfs:comment "A subclass of Transaction that represents the process that facilitates the transfer of data within a data ecosystem between Participants."@en ;
                rdfs:label "DataExchanging"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#DataOffering
:DataOffering rdf:type owl:Class ;
              rdfs:subClassOf :Publishing ;
              rdfs:comment "A sublcass of Publishing representing the process where participants make their data available to others in the data ecosystem."@en ;
              rdfs:label "DataOffering"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#DataSpaceConnector
:DataSpaceConnector rdf:type owl:Class ;
                    rdfs:subClassOf :Interface ;
                    rdfs:comment "A subclass of Interface enabling secure and standardized interaction within data spaces (i.e., specialized realizations of data ecosystems)."@en ;
                    rdfs:label "DataSpaceConnector"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#DataStorage
:DataStorage rdf:type owl:Class ;
             rdfs:subClassOf :Storage ;
             rdfs:comment "A subclass of Storage dedicated to string data within a data ecosystem."@en ;
             rdfs:label "DataStorage"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#DataStoring
:DataStoring rdf:type owl:Class ;
             rdfs:subClassOf :Publishing ;
             rdfs:comment "A subclass of Publishing representing the process that ensures datasets are stored securely, either centrally or decentrally, depending on the architecture of the data ecosystem."@en ;
             rdfs:label "DataStoring"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Decision
:Decision rdf:type owl:Class ;
          rdfs:comment "An outcome regarding an authorization request, e.g. Allow or Deny."@en ;
          rdfs:label "Decision"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Endpoint
:Endpoint rdf:type owl:Class ;
          rdfs:comment "Represents a network endpoint (URL) and its operational metadata for a Service."@en ;
          rdfs:label "Endpoint"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Entity
:Entity rdf:type owl:Class ;
        rdfs:subClassOf :Base ,
                        [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                          owl:onProperty :identity ;
                          owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                          owl:onClass <https://w3id.org/didl#Identity>
                        ] ,
                        [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                          owl:onProperty :policy ;
                          owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                          owl:onClass :Policy
                        ] ;
        rdfs:comment "Any identifiable object of a participant within the data ecosystem, e.g. a device or digital resource."@en ;
        rdfs:label "Entity"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Finding
:Finding rdf:type owl:Class ;
         rdfs:subClassOf :Process ;
         rdfs:comment "An optional process that enables information or data to be found within a data ecosystem."@en ;
         rdfs:label "Finding"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#GUI
:GUI rdf:type owl:Class ;
     rdfs:subClassOf :Interface ;
     rdfs:comment "Graphical User Interface; a subclass of Interface representing an interface through which users can visually interact with components of a data ecosystem."@en ;
     rdfs:label "GUI"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#IdentityAndAccessManagement
:IdentityAndAccessManagement rdf:type owl:Class ;
                             rdfs:subClassOf :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
                             rdfs:comment "A framework ensuring that only authorized Participants have access to a data ecosystem."@en ;
                             rdfs:label "IdentityAndAccessManagement"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#IdentityProvider
:IdentityProvider rdf:type owl:Class ;
                  rdfs:subClassOf :IdentityAndAccessManagement ;
                  rdfs:comment "A subclass of IdentityAndAccessManagement representing a component responsible for managing digital identities, facilitating onboarding and offboarding processes in a data ecosystem."@en ;
                  rdfs:label "IdentityProvider"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Individual
:Individual rdf:type owl:Class ;
            rdfs:subClassOf :Participant ;
            owl:disjointWith :Organization ;
            rdfs:comment "A subclass of Participant representing a legal person."@en ;
            rdfs:label "Individual"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Interface
:Interface rdf:type owl:Class ;
           rdfs:subClassOf :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
           rdfs:comment "An access point for participants to join and interact within a data ecosystem."@en ;
           rdfs:label "Interface"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Negotiating
:Negotiating rdf:type owl:Class ;
             rdfs:subClassOf :Process ;
             rdfs:comment "An optional process where participants discuss and agree on policies leading to contracts within a data ecosystem."@en ;
             rdfs:label "Negotiating"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Offboarding
:Offboarding rdf:type owl:Class ;
             rdfs:subClassOf :Process ;
             rdfs:comment "A mandatory process for removing participant identities from a data ecosystem ensuring compliance or voluntary exit."@en ;
             rdfs:label "Offboarding"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#OfferStorage
:OfferStorage rdf:type owl:Class ;
              rdfs:subClassOf :PolicyStorage ;
              rdfs:comment "A subclass of PolicyStorage where data offers are stored, allowing participants in a data ecosystem to publish and manage their available datasets or services."@en ;
              rdfs:label "OfferStorage"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Onboarding
:Onboarding rdf:type owl:Class ;
            rdfs:subClassOf :Process ;
            rdfs:comment "A mandatory process that manages the creation of digital identities, enabling Participants to access a data ecosystem."@en ;
            rdfs:label "Onboarding"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Organization
:Organization rdf:type owl:Class ;
              rdfs:subClassOf :Participant ;
              rdfs:comment "A subclass of Participant representing a legal entity."@en ;
              rdfs:label "Organization"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Participant
:Participant rdf:type owl:Class ;
             rdfs:subClassOf :DataEcosystemElement ,
                             [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                               owl:onProperty :entity ;
                               owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                               owl:onClass :Entity
                             ] ;
             rdfs:comment "A stakeholder participating in or operating the data ecosystem (either an Individual or Organization)."@en ;
             rdfs:label "Participant"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Policy
:Policy rdf:type owl:Class ;
        rdfs:subClassOf :Base ;
        rdfs:comment "A set of rules or guidelines that govern data usage, sharing, and access."@en ;
        rdfs:label "Policy"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#PolicyLanguage
:PolicyLanguage rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:comment "A formal language for defining and expressing policies."@en ;
                rdfs:label "PolicyLanguage"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#PolicyStorage
:PolicyStorage rdf:type owl:Class ;
               rdfs:subClassOf :Storage ;
               rdfs:comment "A subclass of storage that stores the conditions under which access to resources in a data ecosystem is granted and how they may be used."@en ;
               rdfs:label "PolicyStorage"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Process
:Process rdf:type owl:Class ;
         rdfs:subClassOf :Base ,
                         <https://www.irit.fr/recherches/MELODI/ontologies/BBO#FlowElementsContainer> ,
                         [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                           owl:onProperty :byDataEcosystem ;
                           owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                           owl:onClass :Process
                         ] ;
         rdfs:comment "A series of operations or activities performed within the data ecosystem."@en ;
         rdfs:label "Process"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Publishing
:Publishing rdf:type owl:Class ;
            rdfs:subClassOf :Process ;
            rdfs:comment "An optional process that makes data discoverable and allows its findability through catalogs or metadata integration."@en ;
            rdfs:label "Publishing"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Reference
:Reference rdf:type owl:Class ;
           rdfs:comment "Used for referencing between various classes"@en ;
           rdfs:label "Reference"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#RunTimeEnvironment
:RunTimeEnvironment rdf:type owl:Class ;
                    rdfs:subClassOf :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
                    rdfs:comment "An infrastructure required for executing services within a data ecosystem, providing the necessary computing resources."@en ;
                    rdfs:label "RunTimeEnvironment"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Service
:Service rdf:type owl:Class ;
         rdfs:subClassOf :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
         rdfs:comment "A service developed to address specific needs within a data ecosystem, often involving data processing or visualization."@en ;
         rdfs:label "Service"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#ServiceExecuting
:ServiceExecuting rdf:type owl:Class ;
                  rdfs:subClassOf :Transacting ;
                  rdfs:comment "A  subclass of Transaction representing the process that enables third-party services execution to generate additional value from the managed data in a data ecosystem."@en ;
                  rdfs:label "ServiceExecuting"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Status
:Status rdf:type owl:Class ;
        owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                              owl:oneOf ( :ACTIVE
                                          :ERROR
                                          :INACTIVE
                                          :MAINTENANCE
                                          :UPDATE
                                        )
                            ] ;
        rdfs:comment "Enumeration of possible status values for an element."@en ;
        rdfs:label "Status"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Storage
:Storage rdf:type owl:Class ;
         rdfs:subClassOf :TechnicalDataEcosystemElement ;
         rdfs:comment "A component where various types of information are stored in a data ecosystem."@en ;
         rdfs:label "Storage"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#TechnicalDataEcosystemElement
:TechnicalDataEcosystemElement rdf:type owl:Class ;
                               rdfs:subClassOf :DataEcosystemElement ,
                                               [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                 owl:onProperty :usedBy ;
                                                 owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                                 owl:onClass :Participant
                                               ] ,
                                               [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                 owl:onProperty :operatedBy ;
                                                 owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                                 owl:onClass :Participant
                                               ] ;
                               rdfs:comment "A subclass of DataEcosystemElement focused on technical components necessary for the operation of a data ecosystem."@en ;
                               rdfs:label "TechnicalDataEcosystemElement"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Transacting
:Transacting rdf:type owl:Class ;
             rdfs:subClassOf :Process ;
             rdfs:comment "A mandatory process that enables the exchange or transfer of data or other resources between Participants within a data ecosystem."@en ;
             rdfs:label "Transacting"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/didl#Identity
<https://w3id.org/didl#Identity> rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                 rdfs:subClassOf :Base ;
                                 rdfs:comment "A unique collection of attributes, credentials, or characteristics of an entity."@en ;
                                 rdfs:label "Identity"@en .


###  https://www.irit.fr/recherches/MELODI/ontologies/BBO#DataResource
<https://www.irit.fr/recherches/MELODI/ontologies/BBO#DataResource> rdf:type owl:Class .


###  https://www.irit.fr/recherches/MELODI/ontologies/BBO#FlowElementsContainer
<https://www.irit.fr/recherches/MELODI/ontologies/BBO#FlowElementsContainer> rdf:type owl:Class .


#################################################################
#    Individuals
#################################################################

###  https://w3id.org/dedl#ABAC
:ABAC rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :AccessControlModel ;
      rdfs:comment "Attribute-based Access Control model, relying on attributes to define permissions."@en ;
      rdfs:label "ABAC"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#ACP
:ACP rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
              :PolicyLanguage ;
     rdfs:comment "Access control policy language (ACP), a particular set of grammar, syntax rules (logical and mathematical), and operators which provides an abstraction-layer for access control policy specifications, see https://solid.github.io/authorization-panel/acp-specification/"@en ;
     rdfs:label "ACP"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#ACTIVE
:ACTIVE rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :Status ;
        rdfs:comment "Active status."@en ;
        rdfs:label "ACTIVE"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Allow
:Allow rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                :Decision ;
       rdfs:comment "A Decision indicating that access is permitted."@en ;
       rdfs:label "Allow"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Behavior
:Behavior rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                   :AuthenticationRiskContext ;
          rdfs:comment "A context factor reflecting user behavioral patterns (e.g., keystroke dynamics)."@en ;
          rdfs:label "Behavior"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#CapBAC
:CapBAC rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :AccessControlModel ;
        rdfs:comment "Capability-based Access Control relying on tokens or 'capabilities' to grant permissions."@en ;
        rdfs:label "CapBAC"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Cryptography
:Cryptography rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                       :AuthenticationProtocol ;
              rdfs:comment "An authentication protocol leveraging cryptographic techniques to prove identity."@en ;
              rdfs:label "Cryptography"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#DAC
:DAC rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
              :AccessControlModel ;
     rdfs:comment "Discretionary Access Control, where resource owners grant or deny permissions."@en ;
     rdfs:label "DAC"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Deny
:Deny rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :Decision ;
      rdfs:comment "A Decision indicating that access is refused."@en ;
      rdfs:label "Deny"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Device
:Device rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :AuthenticationRiskContext ;
        rdfs:comment "A factor in the authentication risk context indicating the device used for login."@en ;
        rdfs:label "Device"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#ERROR
:ERROR rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                :Status ;
       rdfs:comment "Error status indicating a failure or problem."@en ;
       rdfs:label "ERROR"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Geolocation
:Geolocation rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                      :AuthenticationRiskContext ;
             rdfs:comment "A factor in the authentication risk context representing physical or network location."@en ;
             rdfs:label "Geolocation"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#HybridArchitecture
:HybridArchitecture rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                             :AuthorizationArchitecture ;
                    rdfs:comment "An AuthorizationArchitecture combining policy-based and token-based architecture"@en ;
                    rdfs:label "HybridArchitecture"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#INACTIVE
:INACTIVE rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                   :Status ;
          rdfs:comment "Inactive status."@en ;
          rdfs:label "INACTIVE"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Kerberos
:Kerberos rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                   :AuthenticationProtocol ;
          rdfs:comment "A protocol using a trusted third-party ticket-granting service for authentication."@en ;
          rdfs:label "Kerberos"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#LDAP
:LDAP rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :AuthenticationProtocol ;
      rdfs:comment "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, often used to manage authentication data in directories."@en ;
      rdfs:label "LDAP"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#MAC
:MAC rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
              :AccessControlModel ;
     rdfs:comment "Mandatory Access Control, where policies are enforced by a central authority."@en ;
     rdfs:label "MAC"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#MAINTENANCE
:MAINTENANCE rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                      :Status ;
             rdfs:comment "Maintenance status indicating planned or ongoing maintenance."@en ;
             rdfs:label "MAINTENANCE"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#MPEG-21
:MPEG-21 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                  :PolicyLanguage ;
         rdfs:comment "A digital rights management and usage rights framework which can serve as a policy language."@en ;
         rdfs:label "MPEG-21"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#MultiFactor
:MultiFactor rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                      :AuthenticationFactor ;
             rdfs:comment "An authentication factor requiring two or more independent credentials."@en ;
             rdfs:label "MultiFactor"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Negotiate
:Negotiate rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                    :Authorization ;
           rdfs:comment "An authorization process involving negotiation or exchange of data before deciding access."@en ;
           rdfs:label "Negotiate"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#OBAC
:OBAC rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :AccessControlModel ;
      rdfs:comment "Ontology-based Access Control focusing on contextual policy enforcement"@en ;
      rdfs:label "OBAC"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#ODRL
:ODRL rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :PolicyLanguage ;
      rdfs:comment "Open Digital Rights Language, commonly used to specify rights, constraints, and obligations."@en ;
      rdfs:label "ODRL"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#OIDC
:OIDC rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :AuthenticationProtocol ;
      rdfs:comment "OpenID Connect, a simple identity layer built on OAuth 2.0 used for single sign-on."@en ;
      rdfs:label "OIDC"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#OneWay
:OneWay rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :Authentication ;
        rdfs:comment "A one-direction authentication process, typically from a client to a server."@en ;
        rdfs:label "OneWay"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#OrBAC
:OrBAC rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                :AccessControlModel ;
       rdfs:comment "Organization-based Access Control, focusing on roles and contexts within an organization."@en ;
       rdfs:label "OrBAC"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#PolicyBasedArchitecture
:PolicyBasedArchitecture rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                  :AuthorizationArchitecture ;
                         rdfs:comment "An AuthorizationArchitecture where authorization relies on evaluating formalized policies."@en ;
                         rdfs:label "PolicyBasedArchitecture"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Poll
:Poll rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :Authorization ;
      rdfs:comment "An authorization process where a client periodically checks the server for an access decision."@en ;
      rdfs:label "Poll"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Ponder
:Ponder rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :PolicyLanguage ;
        rdfs:comment "A policy specification language for security and management in distributed systems."@en ;
        rdfs:label "Ponder"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Push
:Push rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :Authorization ;
      rdfs:comment "An authorization process where the server proactively notifies the client about decisions."@en ;
      rdfs:label "Push"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#RBAC
:RBAC rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :AccessControlModel ;
      rdfs:comment "Role-based Access Control, assigning permissions to roles which are then assigned to users."@en ;
      rdfs:label "RBAC"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Rego
:Rego rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :PolicyLanguage ;
      rdfs:comment "A declarative policy language used with Open Policy Agent (OPA) to define fine-grained permissions."@en ;
      rdfs:label "Rego"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#RightsML
:RightsML rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                   :PolicyLanguage ;
          rdfs:comment "An ODRL-based language for expressing rights and usage constraints, common in news/media."@en ;
          rdfs:label "RightsML"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#SAML_2.0
:SAML_2.0 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                   :AuthenticationProtocol ;
          rdfs:comment "Security Assertion Markup Language (2.0), exchanging authentication and authorization data."@en ;
          rdfs:label "SAML2.0"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Signature
:Signature rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                    :AuthenticationProtocol ;
           rdfs:comment "An authentication protocol relying on digital signatures for verification."@en ;
           rdfs:label "Signature"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#SingleFactor
:SingleFactor rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                       :AuthenticationFactor ;
              rdfs:comment "An authentication factor using only one method of verification (e.g., a single password)."@en ;
              rdfs:label "SingleFactor"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#ThreeWay
:ThreeWay rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                   :Authentication ;
          rdfs:comment "An authentication process involving a three-part handshake or three-step verification."@en ;
          rdfs:label "ThreeWay"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#Time-based
:Time-based rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                     :AuthenticationRiskContext ;
            rdfs:comment "A context factor referencing time-sensitive credentials or restrictions (e.g., OTPs)."@en ;
            rdfs:label "TimeBased"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#TokenBasedArchitecture
:TokenBasedArchitecture rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                 :AuthorizationArchitecture ;
                        rdfs:comment "An authorization architecture using tokens (e.g., JWT)"@en ;
                        rdfs:label "TokenBasedArchitecture"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#TwoWay
:TwoWay rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :Authentication ;
        rdfs:comment "A mutual authentication process where both parties verify each other's identity."@en ;
        rdfs:label "TwoWay"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#UPDATE
:UPDATE rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :Status ;
        rdfs:comment "Update status indicating an ongoing update."@en ;
        rdfs:label "UPDATE"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#WebAuth
:WebAuth rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                  :AuthenticationProtocol ;
         rdfs:comment "A web-based authentication protocol, encompassing flows like OAuth, SAML, or WebAuthn."@en ;
         rdfs:label "WebAuth"@en .


###  https://w3id.org/dedl#XACMLPolicyLanguage
:XACMLPolicyLanguage rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                              :PolicyLanguage ;
                     rdfs:comment "An OASIS standard policy language for defining access control rules (XACML framework)."@en ;
                     rdfs:label "XACMLPolicyLanguage"@en .


###  Generated by the OWL API (version 5.1.18) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi/